ASEAN İçi Dengeler ve Güney Çin Denizi Etkisi
Anahtar Kelimeler:
ASEAN, Çin, Güney Çin Denizi, Çatışma, Güney Doğu AsyaÖzet
Güney Çin Denizi ihtilafı, ASEAN içinde; ASEAN ile Çin ve ABD gibi büyük güçler arasında dikkat çekici bir sorun alanıdır. Rekabetin devam ettiği, toprak talepleri nedeniyle bölgenin giderek askerileştirilmesi, ASEAN üyesi devletler arasındaki ilişkilerin de gerilmesine neden olmaktadır. Vietnam ve Filipinler gibi ASEAN üyesi olarak bölgede hak iddia eden devletler, Çin’in iddialı tutumuna karşı daha güçlü bir ASEAN duruşu için gayret gösterirken, Endonezya ve Malezya gibi bölgesel açıdan güçlü devletler ise daha temkinli davranarak Çin ile ilişkilerin gerilmesinden imtina etmeye çalışmaktadır. Bu devletler ekonomik bağlara da öncelik vermektedirler. Bu durum, ASEAN içinde bir çatlağa yol açmış ve birlik birleşik bir cephe oluşturmakta zorlanmıştır. Güney Çin Denizi konusundaki anlaşmazlıklar nedeniyle 2012’de ortak bir bildiri yayınlanamaması, ASEAN birliğinde benzeri görülmemiş bir kırılma noktasına işaret etmiştir. Çin, ASEAN ülkeleri ile ekonomik ilişkilerini kazan-kazan prensibi ile güçlendirirken, Güney Çin Denizi konusunu önemsizleştirmeleri için baskı yaparak bu bölünmelerden –başarılı bir şekilde- faydalanmaktadır. Bu ise ASEAN’ın geleceği için büyük bir tehlike oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Güney Çin denizi meselesine taraf olan devletlerin politik çıkarlarından kaynaklı bakış açıları, ASEAN’ın konuyu ele almadaki nüfuzu ve büyük güçlerin bu ihtilaftaki menfaat odaklı politik tutumları analiz edilecektir.
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