A New Approach to the International System(s): Complexity Theory
Keywords:
International System, Complex Adaptive System, ComplexityAbstract
Despite its frequent usage in international relations discipline, the concept of the international system remains a topic of contention, with no consensus on its definition. A review of studies on international systems reveals that international relations theorists employ a linear cause-and-effect approach to explain the system whereas historical sociologists utilize a typological and frequency-based explanation of interactions. While these studies provide useful theoretical and conceptual frameworks, they are insufficient for explaining dynamic and complex interaction networks from a holistic perspective. Accordingly, a multi-layered macro approach is required to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the evolution and transformation processes of the system(s). The paper considers the potential of complexity theory as a multilevel approach to the study of the international system(s). In order to achieve this objective, it is first necessary to discuss the general concepts of complexity theory. This study examines the adaptation of the theory to social systems and political processes and analyzes the useful framework offered by complex adaptive systems for explaining the international system(s). This section identifies and describes various common features of complex adaptive systems and the international system(s). Finally, this study examines the potential applicability of complexity methodology for computer modeling of international systems. The study determines that the system(s) referred to as the “international system(s)” is a complex adaptive system. In light of these considerations, it can be concluded that the international system(s) can be defined as “a complex adaptive system in which nonlinear dynamics occur as a result of the interaction of a large number of heterogeneous actors, various constraints exist, self-adaptive, entropy and negentropy coexist.” This study represents a pioneering effort in the conceptual adaptation of complexity theory to the international system(s).
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